Henry II of England (1133–89), reigned from 1154; Henry II of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1271–1324), reigned from 1285; king of Jerusalem in name only from 1291; Henry II of Castile (1334–79), reigned 1366–67 and from 1369; Henry VI of England (1421–71), reigned 1422–1461 and from 1470 as a King of England, and reigned from 1422 to 1453 as Henry II, king of France He was already Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, and became Duke of Aquitaine when he married Eleanor of Aquitaine, the former queen of France. Henry’s prestige was at a low ebb after the murder of Becket and recent taxation, but he reacted energetically, settled matters in Normandy and Brittany, and crossed to England, where fighting had continued for a year. In 1184 Richard quarrelled with John, who had been ordered to take Aquitaine off his hands. Richard succeeded his father as king. Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as King of England (1154–1189), Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of … The Angevins descend from Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais and Ermengarde of Anjou.In 1060 this couple inherited, via cognatic kinship, the county of Anjou from an older line dating from 870 and a noble called Ingelger. Henry II of England, also known as Henry II Curtmantle (Le Mans, France, 5 March 1133 – Chinon, France, 6 July 1189) was also Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France. Pleas brought to feudal courts could be delayed or altogether frustrated. The quarrel touched what was to be the King’s chief concern—the country’s judicial system. His career may be considered in three aspects: the defense and enlargement of his dominions, the involvement in two lengthy and disastrous personal quarrels, and his lasting administrative and judicial reforms. Richard II Portrait at … Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death. Henry II brought Eleanor out France and into England in July 1174, keeping her imprisoned for the rest of his life. His territories are often called the Angevin Empire. The council contained an unusually able group of men—some of them were great barons, such as Richard de Lucy and Robert de Beaumont, earl of Leicester; others included civil servants, such as Nigel, bishop of Ely, Richard Fitzneale, and his son, Richard of Ilchester. Henry II of England, also known as Henry II Curtmantle (Le Mans, France, 5 March 1133 – Chinon, France, 6 July 1189) was also Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France. In 1157 Henry invaded Wales and received homage, though without conquest. Author of. Cut short cross farthing of Henry II (FindID 707098).jpg 445 × 289; 133 KB By the multiplication of a class of experts in finance and law Henry did much to establish two great professions, and the location of a permanent court at Westminster and the character of its business settled for England (and for much of the English-speaking world) that common law, not Roman law, would rule the courts and that London, and not an academy, would be its principal nursery. Matters were eased by the death of Geoffrey (1186), but the King’s attempt to find an inheritance for John led to a coalition against him of Richard and the young Philip II Augustus, who had succeeded his father, Louis VII, as king of France. Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 – 11 June 1183) was the eldest surviving son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.Beginning in 1170, he was titular King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine.Henry the Young King was the only King of England since the Norman Conquest to be crowned during his father's reign, but was frustrated by his father's … Richard joined the protest of the others and was supported by Eleanor. Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy, 1151-1189. Moreover, Henry’s decrees ensured that the judge-and-jury combination would become normal and that the jury would gradually supplant ordeal and battle as being responsible for the verdict. His continental dominions brought him into contact with Louis VII of France, the German emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa), and, for much of the reign, Pope Alexander III. His sons were pardoned, but Eleanor was kept in custody until her husband died. On hearing this Henry reportedly exclaimed, 'Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?' The ministers who engaged upon these reforms took a fully professional interest in the business they handled, as may be seen in Fitzneale’s writing on the Exchequer and that of the chief justiciar, Ranulf de Glanville, on the laws of England; and many of the expedients adopted by the King may have been suggested by them. He is the father of King Richard He inherited the throne from his mother, the daughter of King Henry I. Scroll below and check our most recent updates about Henry II Of England Net Worth, Salary, Biography, Age, Career, Wiki. The feud with Louis implied friendly relations with Germany, where Henry was helped by his mother’s first marriage to the emperor Henry V but hindered by Frederick’s maintenance of an antipope, the outcome of a disputed papal election in 1159. His quarrels with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, and with members of his own family ultimately brought about his defeat. Among these was the King’s council of barons, with its inner group of ministers who were both judges and accountants and who sat at the Exchequer, into which the taxes and dues of the shires were paid by the King’s local representative, the sheriff (shire-reeve). tree. A doubt of guilt was settled by ordeal by battle; the accused in the shire underwent tests held to reveal God’s judgment. Henry II of England King of England, 1154-1189. Almost overnight Becket became a saint. Four or more generations of descendants of Henry II of England (1133-1189) if they are properly linked: 1. His father was Count of Anjou and his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Henry’s first comprehensive program was the Assize of Clarendon (1166), in which the procedure of criminal justice was established; 12 “lawful” men of every hundred, and four of every village, acting as a “jury of presentment,” were bound to declare on oath whether any local man was a robber or murderer. The king's attempt to find an inheritance for John led to opposition from Richard and Philip II of France. Henry II Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux , was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Henry II of England sends his son John to rule Ireland with the title of 'Lord of Ireland'. His quarrels with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, and with members of his own family (his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and such sons as Richard the Lion-Heart and John Lackland) ultimately brought about his defeat. More dangerous were the domestic quarrels, which thwarted Henry’s plans and even endangered his life and which finally brought him down in sorrow and shame. Richenza von Braunschweig (1171-1210) 4. The feudal regime introduced by the Normans added courts of the manor and of the honour (a complex of estates). This system presupposed regular visits by the King’s justices on circuit (or, in the technical phrase, “on eyre”), and these tours became part of the administration of the country. Henry II had to allow himself to be whipped by the monks of Canterbury, to signal his atonement for the fact that he had, supposedly unwittingly, led to the murder of the most important Church official in England. Regius Professor of Modern History, University of Cambridge, 1954–63. Henry II was king of England from 1154 to 1189. Throughout his adult life Henry’s sexual morality was lax; but his relations with Eleanor, 11 years his senior, were for long tolerably harmonious, and, between 1153 and 1167, she bore him eight children. This was the writ of Novel Disseisin (i.e., recent dispossession). Thomas Becket being murdered by four knights in Canterbury Cathedral on December 29, 1170. Henry invaded England in 1153, and King Stephen agreed to accept him as coadjutor and heir. Anglo-Saxon England had two courts of justice—that of the hundred, a division of the shire, for petty offenses, and that of the shire, presided over by the sheriff. Henry (1173/1174 – 28 April 1227), named after his father and probably also after his maternal grandfather King Henry II of England; he campaigned with King Henry VI of Germany in Italy in 1190, but deserted in southern Italy and was outlawed at Worms in May 1192 and only restored to favour in January 1194 at Würzburg following his marriage. In the course of his reign, Henry had dominion over territories stretching from the Ireland to the Pyrenees. Henry reconciled himself with the church, but royal control over the church changed little. Henry II faced significant backlash in both England and Europe over Thomas’s asassination. The first of three Angevin kings of England, he expanded the Anglo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration. In any case, the long-term results were very great. They have been chosen as highlights of a particular topic, but do not represent the full range of images that are available on Commons. Though acknowledging Alexander, he continued throughout the Becket controversy to threaten transference of allegiance to Frederick’s antipope, thus impeding Alexander’s freedom of action. During his reign, the dynastic marriages of three daughters gave him political influence in Germany, Castile, and Sicily. Early in his reign Henry obtained from Malcolm IV of Scotland homage and the restoration of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmorland, and later in the reign (1174) homage was exacted from William the Lion, Malcolm’s brother and successor. When Stephen died the following year, Henry succeeded without opposition, thus becoming King Henry II of England. Henry II (1133–1189) was crowned king of England in 1154. Corrections? When Stephen died the following year Henry succeeded without opposition, thus becoming lord of territories stretching from Scotland to the Pyrenees. The quarrel with Becket, Henry’s trusted and successful chancellor (1154–62), broke out soon after Becket’s election to the archbishopric of Canterbury (May 1162). None was blameless, but the cause of the quarrels was principally Henry’s policy of dividing his dominions among his sons while reserving real authority for himself. In medieval England, the life of St. Edward the Confessor functioned as ideological myth; Henry III used it to show that the Plantagenet dynasty had reconciled two ‘nations’ within England after the Norman Conquest. ahnentafel. His quarrels with the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, and with various family members (including his son, Richard the Lionheart) ultimately brought about his defeat. He was one of the most powerful German princes of his time, until the rival Hohenstaufen dynasty succeeded in isolating him and … It was thus, a few years later, that he came into conflict with the bishops, then led by Becket, over the alleged right of clerics to be tried for crime by an ecclesiastical court. In his long reign of 34 years he spent an aggregate of only 14 in England. Henry had named Matilda as his successor to the English throne but her cousin Stephen had taken over. Henry II of England (1133-1189) 2. There were serious family disputes in 1173, 1181 and 1184. King Henry II: Artist's Impression ca 1620. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, and Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period.  © Upon the death of Edward III, the 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne. established by Henry II of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, comprised of half of France, all of England, parts of Ireland and Wales anglo saxons The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. In 1164, Henry reasserted his ancestral rights over the church. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. One was scutage, the commutation of military service for a money payment; the other was the obligation, put on all free men with a property qualification by the Assize of Arms (1181), to possess arms suitable to their station. Henry was born at Le Mans in north west France on 4 March 1133. Henry II of England (March 5, 1133 – July 6, 1189) ruled as Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, and as King of England (1154–1189) and at times controlled parts of Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and western France.His sobriquets include "Curt Mantle" (because of his short cloak), "Fitz Empress," and sometimes "The Lion of … Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-II-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of King Henry II, British Broadcasting Corporation - Biography of Henry II, Henry II - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry II - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Henry II, Plantagenet Empire.png 322 × 376; 26 KB Pipe roll 1174 record type.jpg 1,809 × 1,000; 469 KB Spinello Heinrich as the Doge's prisoner.jpg 602 × 464; 129 KB This success was obscured for contemporaries and later historians by the varied and often dramatic interest of political and personal events, and not until the 19th century—when the study of the public records began and when legal history was illuminated by the British jurist Frederic William Maitland and his followers—did the administrative genius of Henry and his servants appear in its true light. He inherited the duchy of Normandy in 1150; succeeded his father as count of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine in 1151; and in 1152, marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine, acquired Aquitaine, Gascony, Poitou, and Auvergne. Henry's now began to restore order. Media in category "Coins of Henry II of England" The following 51 files are in this category, out of 51 total. of England, as Ducbhess of Narbonne, Countess of Toulouse, and Marchioness of Provence, ob. Henry II of England Henry II of England. Besides disrupting the public life of the church, this situation embroiled Henry with Louis VII and Alexander III; and, though it seemingly did little to hamper Henry’s activities, the time and service spent in negotiations and embassies was considerable, and the tragic denouement in Becket’s murder earned for Henry a good deal of damaging opprobrium. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. In striking contrast to the checkered pattern of Henry’s wars and schemes, his governance of England displays a careful and successful adaptation of means to a single end—the control of a realm served by the best administration in Europe. Henry II of England: Grants to Reading Abbey: 1154-1184. The marriage of Count Geoffrey to Matilda, the only surviving legitimate child of Henry I of England, was part of a struggle for power during the tenth and eleventh … In 1150 - 1151, Henry became ruler of Normandy and Anjou, after the death of his father. Henry was born at Le Mans in north west France on 4 March 1133. 1199. His father was Count of Anjou and his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. In 1153, he crossed to England to pursue his claim to the throne, reaching an agreement that he would succeed Stephen on his death, which occurred in 1154. Geoffrey, Count of Brittany and son of Henry II of England, dies in an accident at a medieval tournament. His reign was a sharp contrast to the anarchy under Stephen and led to the English Common Law. The fees enriched the treasury, and recourse to the courts both extended the King’s control and discouraged irregular self-help. Henry of Normandy (1155-1183) 2. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. Although the claim of his mother, Matilda, daughter of Henry I, to the English crown had been set aside by her cousin, King Stephen, in 1152, Henry advanced his fortunes by marrying the beautiful and talented Eleanor, recently divorced from King Louis VII of France, who brought with her hand the lordship of Aquitaine. Omissions? Henry II’s plans to divide the Angevin “empire” among his sons led to many quarrels and wars. And he instituted the Assize of Clarendon, in which the procedure of criminal justice was established. Henry II, byname Henry of Anjou, Henry Plantagenet, Henry FitzEmpress, or Henry Curtmantle (Short Mantle), (born 1133, Le Mans, Maine [now in France]—died July 6, 1189, near Tours), duke of Normandy (from 1150), count of Anjou (from 1151), duke of Aquitaine (from 1152), and king of England (from 1154), who greatly expanded his Anglo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration in England. Henry became Count of Anjou and Maine upon the death of his father, Geoffrey of Anjou, in 1151. He issued the Constitutions of Clarendon, which restricted ecclesiastical privileges and curbed the power of church courts. Restless, impetuous, always on the move, regardless of the convenience of others, he was at ease with scholars, and his administrative decrees were the work of a cool realist. Henry II "Curtmantle" of England (5 March 1133-6 July 1189) was the King of England from 19 December 1154 to 6 July 1189, succeeding Stephen of Blois and preceding Richard the Lionheart.Henry II's inheritance of England and vast areas of France made him one of the most powerful rulers in Europe.He expanded his possessions further in Ireland and … By conquest, through diplomacy, and through the marriages of two of his sons, he gained acknowledged possession of what is now the west of France from the northernmost part of Normandy to the Pyrenees, near Carcassonne. King Louis VII of France made him Duke of Normandy in 1150. In addition, the assizes gave fast and clear verdicts, enriched the treasury and extended royal control. King Stephen agreed to accept Henry as his coadjutor and heir. The king retreated to Ireland to escape Pope Alexander III’s wrath. Henry had taken Louis’s former wife and her rich heritage. Of his five sons, only Richard and John survived his death on July 6, 1189. Henry II, king of England (1154–89) who greatly expanded his Anglo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration in England. News that John had also turned against him hastened Henry's death on 6 July 1189. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Henry the Lion (German: Heinrich der Löwe; 1129/1131 – 6 August 1195) was a member of the Welf dynasty and Duke of Saxony, as Henry III, from 1142, and Duke of Bavaria, as Henry XII, from 1156, the duchies which he held until 1180.. Image from. After receiving a good literary education, part of it in England, Henry became duke of Normandy in 1150 and count of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine on the death of his father, Geoffrey Plantagenet, in 1151. Those at Westminster dealt with private pleas and cases sent up from the justices on eyre. This writ was returnable; if the sheriff failed to achieve reinstatement, he had to summon the defendant to appear before the King’s justices and himself be present with the writ. Heinrich II. Read more. Updates? He could be a good companion, with ready repartee in a jostling crowd, but he displayed at times an ungovernable temper and could be heartless and ruthless when necessary. Henry II, first of the Angevin Kings, was one of the most effective of all England's monarchs. Henry … An attempted reconciliation failed and Becket punished priests who had co-operated with Henry. Henry II ruled as King of England, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France. Main. Henry II Of England was born on March 5, 1133, in England. Henry II of England (1133-1189)/tree < Henry II of England (1133-1189) Edit. In feudal courts the trial by battle could be avoided by the establishment of a concord, or fine. With Louis the relationship was ambiguous. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Of these, the four sons who survived infancy—Henry, Geoffrey, Richard, and John—repaid his genuine affection with resentment toward their father and discord among themselves. In 1170 he crowned his eldest son, Henry, as co-regent with himself; but in fact the young king had no powers and resented his nonentity, and in 1173 he opposed his father’s proposal to find territories for the favoured John (Lackland) at the expense of Geoffrey. Read more. Arrest was a local responsibility, usually hard upon a flagrant crime. In the early months of the reign the King, using his energetic and versatile chancellor Becket, beat down the recalcitrant barons and their castles and began to restore order to the country and to the various forms of justice. As a remedy Henry established the possessory writ, an order from the Exchequer, directing the sheriff to convene a sworn local jury at petty assize to establish the fact of dispossession, whereupon the sheriff had to reinstate the defendant pending a subsequent trial at the grand assize to establish the rights of the case. And so, an English presence in Ireland was established. Some, indeed, were under the feudal overlordship of the king of France. Henry II of England 1154-1189. In 1152, he married Eleanor of Aquitaine, the greatest heiress in western Europe. Thibaut du Perche (-bef1211) 3. … Henry was forced to give way. Short Biography. King of England from 1154, Henry strengthened royal administration but suffered from quarrels with Thomas Becket and his own family. v., no. He reigned from 1154 to 1189 and founded the Plantagenet dynasty of English rulers. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and … Using his talented chancellor Thomas Becket, Henry began reorganising the judicial system. Henry began publicly displaying his great love and favorite, Rosamund, in 1174. In 1169, an Anglo-Norman force landed in Ireland to support of one of the claimants to the Irish high kingship. Two developments had come in since William the Conqueror’s day: the occasional mission of royal justices into the shires and the occasional use of a jury of local notables as fact finders in cases of land tenure. This is a list of monarchs (and other royalty and nobility) sorted by nickname.This list is divided into two parts: Cognomens: Also called cognomina.These are names which are appended before or after the person's name, like the epitheton necessarium, or Roman victory titles.Examples are "William the Conqueror" for William I of England, and "Frederick Barbarossa" for Frederick I, … The justices formed three groups: one on tour, one “on the bench” at Westminster, and one with the King when the court was out of London. Trial of those accused was reserved to the King’s justices, and prisons for those awaiting trial were to be erected at the King’s expense. His remarkable achievements were impaired, however, by the stresses caused by a dispute with Becket and by discords in his own family.

Karierter Stoff Kreuzworträtsel, Minigolf Wasserpark Floridsdorf, Ferienwohnung Mit Hotelservice, Dua Gegen Angst, Rewe Kramer Angebote, Uni Witten/herdecke Medizin Bewerbung, Ausbildung Kinderbetreuung Berufsbegleitend,