Other leaders, such as Hess and Ribbentrop, were envious of his popularity. [172], "Göring" and "Goering" redirect here. Epenstein acquired the minor title of Ritter (knight) von Epenstein through service and donations to the Crown. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, he was a recipient of the Pour le Mérite ("The Blue Max"). [21][b], This was also the first time that Göring saw his future wife; the count introduced his sister-in-law, Baroness Carin von Kantzow (née Freiin von Fock). [93], In spite of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, signed in 1939, Nazi Germany began Operation Barbarossa—the invasion of the Soviet Union—on 22 June 1941. EB Editors. Dönitz. [74] In March 1939, Göring threatened Czechoslovak president Emil Hácha with the bombing of Prague. Raeder wird als Oberbefehlshaber entlassen und durch Karl Dönitz abgelöst. Karl Dönitz inspecting the Saint-Nazaire submarine base in France, June 1941. The SA was reorganised, but with Franz Pfeffer von Salomon as its head rather than Göring, and the Schutzstaffel (SS) was founded in 1925, initially as a bodyguard for Hitler. Neville Chamberlain was in favour of a meeting, and there was talk of a pact being signed between Britain and Germany. [124] This move likely saved Göring's life; Bormann had ordered him executed if Berlin had fallen. [110] On D-Day (6 June 1944), the Luftwaffe only had some 300 fighters and a small number of bombers in the area of the landings; the Allies had a total strength of 11,000 aircraft. Many of his pilots intentionally crash-landed their planes to keep them from falling into enemy hands. [135] Later, David Maxwell-Fyfe proved it was impossible for Göring not to have known about the Stalag Luft III murders—the shooting of fifty airmen who had been recaptured after escaping from Stalag Luft III—in time to have prevented the killings. [80] The invasion of Poland, the opening action of World War II, began at dawn on 1 September 1939. [77][78] As the Nazi leader most responsible for economic matters, he presented himself as a champion of national interests over allegedly corrupt big business and the old German elite. Epenstein provided the Göring family, who were surviving on Heinrich's pension, first with a family home in Berlin-Friedenau,[7] then in a small castle called Veldenstein, near Nuremberg. Schuschnigg resigned on 11 March and the plebiscite was cancelled. [88] Though he was confident the Luftwaffe could defeat the RAF within days, Göring, like Admiral Erich Raeder, commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine (navy),[89] was pessimistic about the chance of success of the planned invasion (codenamed Operation Sea Lion). Göring immediately called for a crackdown on Communists. [132] He also claimed that he had never heard of most of the other defendants before the trial. [99] The Battle of Stalingrad, a major turning point of the war,[100] began on 23 August 1942 with a bombing campaign by the Luftwaffe. Die Renten wurden gemäß einem Dekret von Karl Dönitz aus dem Jahr 1945 gezahlt. [168], At the same meeting, options for the disposition of the Jews and their property were discussed. Unrepentant for his crimes, he became a successful author after serving his sentence, received a captain’s pension and lived to the age of 89. On 18 October, Hitler named Göring as Plenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan to undertake this task. Göring asked for the post of War Minister, but was turned down; he was appointed to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. [161] As a member of the Prussian Council of State, Speer was required to donate a considerable portion of his salary towards the Council's birthday gift to Göring without even being asked. For his birthday in 1944, Speer gave Göring an oversize marble bust of Hitler. Having served as a submarine officer in World War One, when Adolf Hitler came to power Dönitz was chosen to create a new U-boat fleet . [41] He continued to be elected to the Reichstag in all subsequent elections during the Weimar and Nazi regimes. He remained in hospital until 24 December. Göring was the fourth of five children by Heinrich's second wife, Franziska Tiefenbrunn (1859–15 July 1943), a Bavarian peasant. He is the only one of its heads that ran the SA properly. Karl Dönitz, im 1. "[51] In his own Nuremberg testimony, Göring denied this story. The prosecution levelled an indictment of four charges, including a charge of conspiracy; waging a war of aggression; war crimes, including the plundering and removal to Germany of works of art and other property; and crimes against humanity, including the disappearance of political and other opponents under the Nacht und Nebel (Night and Fog) decree; the torture and ill-treatment of prisoners of war; and the murder and enslavement of civilians, including what was at the time estimated to be 5,700,000 Jews. Göring repeatedly visited the Paris headquarters to review the incoming stolen goods and to select items to be sent on a special train to Carinhall and his other homes. On the basis of these assurances, Hitler demanded that there be no retreat; they were to fight to the last man. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Göring joined the Nazi Party in 1922 after hearing a speech by Hitler. Mai 1945 wurden die Mitglieder der letzten Reichsregierung unter Admiral Karl Dönitz, der in Flensburg residiert hatte, von den West-Alliierten festgenommen. Röhm was shot dead in his cell when he refused to commit suicide; Göring personally went over the lists of detainees—numbering in the thousands—and determined who else should be shot. [61] Hitler admitted in the Reichstag on 13 July that the killings had been entirely illegal, but claimed a plot had been under way to overthrow the Reich. The Treaty of Versailles disallowed submarines, while limiting the size of the Reichsmarine to six battleships, six cruisers, and twelve destroyers. Familia Fue el cuarto de los seis hijos de Alois Hitler, un funcionario de aduanas aficionado al alcohol, y de su tercera esposa la campesina Klara Hitler, por quién su hijo sintió toda su vida una gran devoción. [83] The Fallschirmjäger seized vital airfields in Norway and captured Fort Eben-Emael in Belgium. Nach der deutschen Kapitulation vom 8. By longstanding tradition, the Nazis were thus entitled to select the President of the Reichstag, and elected Göring to the post. [28], Hitler and the Nazi Party held mass meetings and rallies in Munich and elsewhere during the early 1920s, attempting to gain supporters in a bid for political power. Karl Dönitz (German: [ˈdøːnɪts] (); 16 September 1891 – 24 December 1980) was a German admiral who played a major role in the Naval history of World War II.Dönitz succeded Adolf Hitler as the head of state of Germany.. For Göring was often, indeed almost always, the moving force, second only to his leader. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe (air force), a position he held until the final days of the regime. By 1941, Göring was at the peak of his power and influence. Karl Dönitz. While he was recovering, his friend Bruno Loerzer convinced him to transfer to what would become, by October 1916, the Luftstreitkräfte ("air combat forces") of the German army, but his request was turned down. In the July 1932 election, the Nazis won 230 seats to become far and away the largest party in the Reichstag. In 1916 he was transferred to the submarine forces. [Vietnamese đồng, from Early Middle Chinese dəwŋ, copper (also the source of Mandarin tóng, copper).] [85] During the 1940 Field Marshal Ceremony, Hitler promoted Göring to the rank of Reichsmarschall des Grossdeutschen Reiches (Reich Marshal of the Greater German Reich), a specially-created rank which made him senior to all field marshals in the military, including the Luftwaffe. Carin obtained a divorce, followed Göring to Munich, and married him on 3 February 1922. [73] Chamberlain and Hitler had a series of meetings that led to the signing of the Munich Agreement (29 September 1938), which turned over control of the Sudetenland to Germany. By targeting oil refineries and rail communications, Allied bombers crippled the German war effort by late 1944. During the winter of 1920–1921, he was hired by Count Eric von Rosen to fly him to his castle from Stockholm. Karl Dönitz was born on 16 September 1891 near Berlin and went into the Imperial German Navy in 1911. [42] The Great Depression led to a disastrous downturn in the German economy, and in the 1930 election, the Nazi Party won 6,409,600 votes and 107 seats. Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano once noted Göring wearing a fur coat that looked like what "a high grade prostitute wears to the opera. Göring met Mussolini, who expressed an interest in meeting Hitler, who was by then in prison.[34]. [70] Hitler used the dismissals as an opportunity to reshuffle the leadership of the military. [134] During cross-examination, chief prosecutor Robert H. Jackson read out the minutes of a meeting that had been held shortly after Kristallnacht, a major pogrom in November 1938. [95] But, by July, the Germans had only 1,000 planes remaining in operation, and their troop losses were over 213,000 men. Generalfeldmarschall Erhard Milch told Speer that similar donations were required out of the Air Ministry's general fund. [105] Air raids continued on targets further from England after auxiliary fuel tanks were installed on US fighter aircraft. The administration was referred to as the "Flensburg Government" because Dönitz's headquarters had been relocated to the port of Flensburg in northern Germany on 3 May 1945. Hij was aan de macht tot aan zijn dood in 1945. With this in mind, Göring sent a carefully worded telegram asking Hitler for permission to take over as the leader of Germany, stressing that he would be acting as Hitler's deputy. [52], During the early 1930s, Göring was often in the company of Emmy Sonnemann, an actress from Hamburg. Milch stated it had been impossible to oppose Hitler or disobey his orders; to do so would likely have meant death for oneself and one's family. Not permitted to present a lengthy statement, Göring declared himself to be "in the sense of the indictment not guilty". [22] Their first home together was a hunting lodge at Hochkreuth in the Bavarian Alps, near Bayrischzell, some 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Munich. By the time it was supposed to be imposed, Göring's association with Loerzer had been made official. Hácha then agreed to sign a communique accepting the German occupation of the remainder of Bohemia and Moravia. Afterwards, Hitler (or Bormann, depending on the source) ordered the SS to place Göring, his staff, and Lammers under house arrest at Obersalzberg. The Görings—acutely short of funds and reliant on the good will of Nazi sympathizers abroad—moved from Austria to Venice. Dans son testament, le Führer désigne comme successeur l'amiral Karl Dönitz et demande que son corps soit brûlé. [119][121] Bormann made an announcement over the radio that Göring had resigned for health reasons. He is nicknamed The Jew Hunter due to his involvement in hunting down Jews in France during WWII. Im Ersten Weltkrieg erhielt er mehrere Auszeichnungen. [24][25] He was given command of the Sturmabteilung (SA) as the Oberster SA-Führer in 1923. [33] Meanwhile, the authorities in Munich declared Göring a wanted man. [126] Top Nazi officials were transferred in September to Nuremberg, which was to be the location of a series of military tribunals beginning in November. He steadily scored air victories until May, when he was assigned to command Jagdstaffel 27. Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich plotted with Göring to use the Gestapo and SS to crush the SA. By 1925, Carin's mother was ill. 2. [60] Members of the SA got wind of the proposed action and thousands of them took to the streets in violent demonstrations on the night of 29 June 1934. 1946. By 5:30 the next morning, German troops that had been massing on the border marched into Austria, meeting no resistance. Karl Dönitz entered the Imperial Navy in 1910. [19], Like many other German veterans, Göring was a proponent of the Stab-in-the-back legend, the belief which held that the German Army had not really lost the war, but instead was betrayed by the civilian leadership: Marxists, Jews, and especially the Republicans, who had overthrown the German monarchy. Interesting facts: Karl Dönitz was released from prison in 1956 and retired on a government pension. Some properties he seized himself or acquired for a nominal price. Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun, committed suicide on 30 April 1945, a few hours after a hastily arranged wedding. [135] He told Gilbert that he would never have supported the anti-Jewish measures if he had known what was going to happen. Initially the Luftwaffe was at an advantage, destroying thousands of Soviet aircraft in the first month of fighting. Al día siguiente, hacia las tres de la tarde, se oyó un disparo: Adolf Hitler y Eva Braun habían muerto, él de un tiro … See, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFOvery2000 (, President of East German People's Chamber, Reich Plenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan, preventing the Allied bombing of Germany's cities, resupplying surrounded Axis forces in Stalingrad, National Socialist German Doctors' League, An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party, German National Movement in Liechtenstein, Council of Ministers for Defense of the Reich, plundering and removal to Germany of works of art and other property, OSS Art Looting Investigation Unit (ALIU) Red Flag Names List, Luftwaffe § War crimes and bombing of non-military targets, Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, Fallschirm-Panzer Division 1 Hermann Göring, Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, 18 March 1946, "Odznaczenie japońskie dla marsz.

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